2012 - A Year in Review
Here we are at the start of a new year and the end of an old one, and what an amazing year it has been for the scientific community.
I suppose that, as I am a particle
physicist by training, the top story of the year must be the
discovery of the decade, the Higgs Boson which was finally found last
July. I have already written a dozen reviews and summaries of this
event and the theory behind it, so I won't write too much now, but I
will say that this finishes off the Standard Model as predicted forty
years ago. It explains the origins of mass and the symmetries of the
weak nuclear forces, and has proven the value of the Large Hadron
Collider that was so many years in the making.
On the quantum theory stage, physicists set a new record for quantum
teleportation of 89 miles, and at the same time developed a two node
quantum internet. Although still in its earliest development, when
fully integrated into the global networks it would create a faster
internet that is virtually hacker proof. Meanwhile scientists and
engineers in Canada claimed to have built a working quantum computer
(although some in the field have questioned if it is truly a quantum
device, or just a very good traditional CPU). It has been known for
many years now that a quantum computer would be capable of doing
certain types of search processes and algorithms significantly faster
than traditional computers, and in some cases perform calculations
which were previously thought to be nearly impossible. If this new
prototype proves to be a true quantum computer, it is a major step
forward for all of the sciences.
Astronomers were also busy this year, with discoveries of a fifth
moon of Pluto followed by the more recent discovery of a planet in
another star system which appears to be made of diamond. And it
wasn't just professional scientists having a great year either – in
October a team of amateur astronomers sorting through observation
data found a new planet located about 5000 light years from Earth.
This Fall also saw the Curiosity rover land on the planet Mars,
carrying with it a Canadian designed and developed experiment to
study Martian soil for signs of life. It dropped to the planet in a
risky but successful landing, and has been transmitting back amazing
pictures and data that will be studied for many years to come.
On the medical front, scientists also made some great advancements. A few months ago a team in Australia developed the first working bionic eye. Although not as powerful as a biological eye yet, it has been successful in allowing limited vision for blind patients. And at the same time, US scientists made advances in brain-computer interfaces that for the first time have allowed a paralyzed person to control a robotic arm with their mind. This advance gives hope that in the very near future, entire bionic limbs could be crafted for patients who have lost their own (or at least use of their own).
Meanwhile scientists in this hemisphere discovered new markers for cancer cells which allowed them to test an experimental method of targeting cancer cures to the specific patient, creating a customized treatment for each patient. Although it is still very experimental, it is a step forward in the battle against many forms of cancer.
And that is just the tip of the iceberg. A quick scan through any
scientific journal archive will show thousands of new discoveries and
new theories about the laws of nature and their applications. And
2013 is certain to bring even greater advances – it is truly a
great time to be alive!